What condition might an adult with sweet-smelling breath and agitation be experiencing?

An adult exhibiting sweet-smelling breath combined with agitation is likely experiencing Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). This condition occurs when there is a severe shortage of insulin in the body, leading to the breakdown of fats for energy instead of glucose. As a result, the body produces ketones, which can build up in the bloodstream and lead to acidosis.

The sweet-smelling breath characteristic of DKA is often described as resembling the smell of fruit or nail polish remover, a result of elevated levels of acetone, one of the ketones produced. The agitation may stem from metabolic imbalances, dehydration, or the effects of acidosis on the brain. Recognizing these symptoms is crucial as DKA is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.

In contrast, while hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia involve elevated or low blood sugar, respectively, they do not typically present with sweet-smelling breath. Alcohol poisoning can also cause altered mental states, but the sweet scent is not a symptom associated with it.